目录

2.8 Go语言中的for循环, break和continue

基本语法

  • 和C语言同源的语法格式,有始有终的循环,for init; condition; post { }
  • 带条件的while循环,for condition { }
  • 无限循环,for { }

有始有终的条件循环

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sum := 0
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
    sum = sum + i
}

注意:i变量在循环结束后无法使用

带条件的循环

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count := 0
for count < 10 {
    fmt.Printf("Current count = %v\n", count)
    count++
}

无限循环

由于循环不会停止,这里使用break来中断循环,后面还会详细介绍

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 count := 0
 for {
     fmt.Printf("current count = %v\n", count)
     count++

     if count > 10 {
         break
     }
 }

数组循环

使用计数器循环

类似C语言中的循环,我们可以通过计数器结合数组长度实现对数组的遍历,同时能获取数组索引,如下面例子所示

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    myarray := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}

    for i := 0; i < len(myarray); i++ {
        fmt.Printf("Array index is %v, value is %v\n", i, myarray[i])
    }
}

利用range循环

利用range可以更容易的进行循环,并且range还能用于slice,channel和map的循环中

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    myarray := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}

    for index, item := range myarray {
        fmt.Printf("current index is %v, value is %v\n", index, item)
    }
}

Map循环

在介绍Map时,我们已经尝试用for循环对Map进行遍历,我们再来巩固一下

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    mymap := map[int]string{1 : "a", 2 : "b", 3 : "c"}

    for key, value := range mymap {
        fmt.Printf("current key is %v, value is %v\n", key, value)
    }
}

如果只想获取key,则可以使用,省略value

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for key := range mymap {

或者使用_,前面介绍过_无法用于变量,像个占位符

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for _, value := range mymap {

string的遍历

下面的示例是对string类型的遍历,除了普通的字符,对于Unicode字符切分,字符通常是8位的,UTF-8的字符最高可能是32位的

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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    mystr := "abc"
    for pos, char := range mystr {
        fmt.Printf("character '%c' starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
    }

    for pos, char := range "Gő!" {
        fmt.Printf("character '%c' starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
    }
}
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character 'G' starts at byte position 0
character 'ő' starts at byte position 1
character '!' starts at byte position 3

Break和Continue

与大部分语言一致

  • Break结束当前循环
  • Continue开始下一次循环
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package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        if i == 3 {
            fmt.Printf("For continue at here: %d\n", i)
            continue
        }
        if i > 5 {
            fmt.Printf("For break at here: %d\n", i)
            break
        }
        fmt.Printf("Current for count: %d\n", i)
    }

    fmt.Println("For loop end here")
}
  • 输出结果
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Current for count: 0
Current for count: 1
Current for count: 2
For continue at here: 3
Current for count: 4
Current for count: 5
For break at here: 6
For loop end here

不推荐方式

  • Go中也支持Lable方式,类似Goto,一般不使用
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J:  for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
             for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
                 if i > 5 {
                     break J
                 }
                 fmt.Println(i)
             }
         }