基本语法
- 和C语言同源的语法格式,有始有终的循环,for init; condition; post { }
- 带条件的while循环,for condition { }
- 无限循环,for { }
有始有终的条件循环
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| sum := 0
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
sum = sum + i
}
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注意:i变量在循环结束后无法使用
带条件的循环
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| count := 0
for count < 10 {
fmt.Printf("Current count = %v\n", count)
count++
}
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无限循环
由于循环不会停止,这里使用break来中断循环,后面还会详细介绍
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| count := 0
for {
fmt.Printf("current count = %v\n", count)
count++
if count > 10 {
break
}
}
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数组循环
使用计数器循环
类似C语言中的循环,我们可以通过计数器结合数组长度实现对数组的遍历,同时能获取数组索引,如下面例子所示
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| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
myarray := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}
for i := 0; i < len(myarray); i++ {
fmt.Printf("Array index is %v, value is %v\n", i, myarray[i])
}
}
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利用range循环
利用range可以更容易的进行循环,并且range还能用于slice,channel和map的循环中
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| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
myarray := []string{"a", "b", "c", "d"}
for index, item := range myarray {
fmt.Printf("current index is %v, value is %v\n", index, item)
}
}
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Map循环
在介绍Map时,我们已经尝试用for循环对Map进行遍历,我们再来巩固一下
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| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
mymap := map[int]string{1 : "a", 2 : "b", 3 : "c"}
for key, value := range mymap {
fmt.Printf("current key is %v, value is %v\n", key, value)
}
}
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如果只想获取key,则可以使用,省略value
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| for key := range mymap {
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或者使用_,前面介绍过_无法用于变量,像个占位符
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| for _, value := range mymap {
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string的遍历
下面的示例是对string类型的遍历,除了普通的字符,对于Unicode字符切分,字符通常是8位的,UTF-8的字符最高可能是32位的
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| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
mystr := "abc"
for pos, char := range mystr {
fmt.Printf("character '%c' starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
}
for pos, char := range "Gő!" {
fmt.Printf("character '%c' starts at byte position %d\n", char, pos)
}
}
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| character 'G' starts at byte position 0
character 'ő' starts at byte position 1
character '!' starts at byte position 3
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Break和Continue
与大部分语言一致
- Break结束当前循环
- Continue开始下一次循环
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| package main
import "fmt"
func main() {
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
if i == 3 {
fmt.Printf("For continue at here: %d\n", i)
continue
}
if i > 5 {
fmt.Printf("For break at here: %d\n", i)
break
}
fmt.Printf("Current for count: %d\n", i)
}
fmt.Println("For loop end here")
}
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| Current for count: 0
Current for count: 1
Current for count: 2
For continue at here: 3
Current for count: 4
Current for count: 5
For break at here: 6
For loop end here
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不推荐方式
- Go中也支持Lable方式,类似Goto,一般不使用
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| J: for j := 0; j < 5; j++ {
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
if i > 5 {
break J
}
fmt.Println(i)
}
}
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